Damage can occur both at the time of the initial injury or can
develop later as a result of swelling or bleeding within the brain.
The brain is made up of millions of microscopic cells. An acquired
brain injury can cause the cells to malfunction or die.
There are three main areas in the brain:
- the cortex
- the cerebellum
- brain stem
The Cortex
Most thinking functions are carried out in the cortex. There are
four lobes each controlling specific functions and skills. The left
lobe controls verbal functions, reading, writing and speaking. The
right lobe controls spacial functions, memory, rhythm and
drawing.
Because the frontal lobe is located at the front of the head, it
is often damaged. Such damage can lead to personality changes and
behavioural disorders.
The Cerebellum
This is at the base of the brain. Damage to this area can cause
problems with co-ordination, balance and posture.
Brain Stem
This is the most critical part of the brain and connects the
brain to the spinal cord. It controls all survival functions, e.g.
breathing, consciousness and heart beat. When someone is described
as brain stem dead, this suggests that the individual is no longer
able to function at any level.